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Ethinyl estradiol, also sometimes written as 17α-ethinyl estradiol, ethinylestradiol, ethynyl estradiol, or ethinyl œstradiol, is a derivative of 17β-estradiol (E2), the major endogenous estrogen in humans. EE2 is an orally bioactive estrogen used in many formulations of combined oral contraceptive pills and is one of the most commonly used medications for this purpose.〔Evans G, Sutton EL. Oral contraception. Med Clin North Am. 2015 May;99(3):479-503. PMID 25841596〕 Transdermal ethinyl estradiol carries a greater risk of clot formation and venous thromboembolism than naturally occurring 17β-estradiol, which some have theorized to be related to different amounts of hepatic metabolism after absorption. The same contraindications and precautions apply for EE2 as with other estrogen medications. ''Estinyl'' was a preparation of EE2 alone that was used for the management of menopausal symptoms and female hypogonadism.〔(RxList.com ) - Estinyl (ethynyl estradiol)〕 EE2 is released into the environment as a xenoestrogen from the urine and feces of people who take it as a medication. The major concern with unopposed estrogen (without progestogen) is of endometrial cancer. As such, the medication is generally prescribed with progesterone in the setting of birth control. ==History== The first orally active semisynthetic steroidal estrogen, EE2 (17α-ethynylestradiol), the 17α-ethynyl analog of E2, was synthesized in 1938 by Hans Herloff Inhoffen and Walter Hohlweg at Schering AG in Berlin. EE2 was approved by the FDA in the U.S. on June 25, 1943 and marketed by Schering as ''Estinyl''.〔 search: Estinyl〕 The FDA withdrew approval of ''Estinyl'' effective June 4, 2004 at the request of Schering, who had discontinued marketing ''Estinyl''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ethinyl estradiol」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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